Tipo de parto en gestantes Covid y no Covid durante la pandemia por Sars-Cov-2, en el servicio de obstetricia de dos hospitales Minsa de la ciudad del Cusco, periodo junio 2020-diciembre 2021

Abstract

Objetivo: Comparar el tipo de parto en gestantes COVID-19 y no COVID-19 durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles, de tipo observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y correlacional. Del total de 8420 gestantes que dieron a luz en ambos hospitales durante el periodo de tiempo, se halló un tamaño de muestra de 389 partos, usándose la misma cantidad para casos y controles. Se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado. Resultados: Evaluadas las 390 gestantes con COVID-19 y 390 gestantes sin COVID-19 que dieron a luz, se obtiene que la edad promedio en ambos grupos fue de 27.3 ± 6.5 años, al comparar edad por separado no hubieron diferencias significativas. La prevalencia de COVID19 en gestantes que dieron a luz en ambos hospitales fue de 7.2%. En cuanto a la clasificación

de Robson en el grupo no COVID-19 predominaron el 5, 1 y 3 con 27 (21.6%), 26 (20.8%) y

25 (20.0%) respectivamente; mientras que en el grupo con COVID-19 prevalecieron el 5, 1 y

10 con 45 (25.4%), 42 (23.7%) y 27 (15.3%) respectivamente. Se evidenció mayor incidencia

de parto pretérmino en el grupo que tuvo cesárea con SARS-CoV-2 activo al momento del

parto,

13 (10.4%), versus 34 (19.2%) en cesareadas sin infección; esta correlación fue significativa con un OR 2.05 e IC 95% (1.03 – 4.06). La tasa de cesáreas fue de 45.4% en los casos y 32.1% en controles (OR 1.76; IC 95% [1.316 – 2.357]). Conclusiones: No hay diferencia entre los promedios de edad en casos y controles. Existe significancia entre el tipo de parto y la enfermedad o no por COVID-19, hallándose mayor tasa de cesáreas en gestantes con COVID-19. Asimismo hubo mayor cantidad de partos pretérmino por cesárea en gestantes con SARS-CoV-2.

Objective: To compare the type of delivery in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pregnant women during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: Case-control study, observational, descriptive, retrospective and correlational. Of the total of 8420 pregnant women who gave birth in both hospitals during the period of time, a sample size of 389 deliveries was found, using the same amount for cases and controls. Univariate and bivariate analyzes were performed. Results: Once the 390 pregnant women with COVID-19 and 390 pregnant women without COVID-19 who gave birth have been evaluated, it was found that the average age in both groups was 27.3 ± 6.5 years, when comparing age separately there were no significant differences. The prevalence of COVID-19 in pregnant women who gave birth in both hospitals was 7.2%. As for Robson’s classification in the non-COVID-19 group, 5, 1 and 3 predominated with 27 (21.6%), 26 (20.8%) and 25 (20.0%) respectively; while in the group with COVID-19, 5, 1 and 10 prevailed with 45 (25.4%), 42 (23.7%) and 27 (15.3%) respectively. There was a higher incidence of preterm delivery in the group that had cesarean section with active SARSCoV-2

at the time of delivery, 13 (10.4%) versus 34 (19.2%) in cesarean sections without infection; this correlation was significant with an OR 2.05 and CI 95% (1.03 – 4.06). Vaginal delivery was the most prevalent type of delivery in both groups, but the cesarean section rate was 45.4% in cases and 32.1% in controls (OR 1.76; 95% CI [1.316 – 2.357]). Conclusions: There is no difference between the mean ages in cases and controls. There is significance between the type of delivery and the disease or not by COVID-19, finding a higher rate of cesarean sections in pregnant women with COVID-19. There was also a greater number of preterm deliveries by cesarean section in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2.